Debt evasion or debt avoidance is the intentional act of trying to avoid attempts by creditors to collect or pursue one's debt. At an elementary level, this includes the refusal to answer one's phone by screening one's calls or by ignoring mailed notices informing the debtor of the debt.
In more advanced cases, this includes misleading the creditor to believe the debtor does not reside at the location where the creditor is attempting to reach the debtor.
Debt evasion is common because many people are scared of creditors when they owe many and feel uncomfortable confronting those attempting to collect debt. But evasion does not make the debt disappear, and does not make the debtor any less liable toward the creditor. In most cases, debt evasion is not a criminal act.
Methods used to avoid paying a debt
Denying existence
Some debtors pretend to be deceased to avoid paying. For example, if called, the debtor may say s/he is another person and claim the debtor does not live there or has died.
Court summons avoidance
Some debt is collected by court order. The debtor is summoned to court and must be served by a summons, usually at the hands of a sheriff or process server.
Many attempt to avoid contact with the sheriff and pretend they never received the summons. If the creditor can show to the court that the summons to appear in court was served, the creditor is automatically awarded the case and may start collecting.
Statute of limitations
Some jurisdictions have a statute of limitations that limits the time between the last activity on the debt and the commencement of a civil suit. Once the limitation period expires, debtors can use this fact to stop the calls from an agency by demanding a civil suit be initiated, at which point they may successfully defend based on the expiration of the limitation period.
Foreign bank accounts
Some may be able to protect their assets by transferring them into a bank account in a foreign country, where the money is considered to be untouchable according to the laws of the country where the judgment was made.
Strategic Debt Default
Brent T. White, an associate professor of law at the University of Arizona, has a different perspective on mortgage debt: “Homeowners should be walking away in droves,” he writes in a new discussion paper entitled “Underwater and Not Walking Away: Shame, Fear and the Social Management of the Housing Crisis.” (Read the full paper.)